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Most presettlement Canadian and Alaskan boreal forests and Rocky Mountain subalpine forests had lightning fire regimes of large-scale crown fires and high-intensity surface fires, causing total stand replacement on fire rotations (or cycles) to 50…
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Fire, geomorphic processes, and landforms interact to determine natural patterns of ecosystems over landscapes. Fire alters vegetation and soil properties which change soil and sediment movement through watersheds. Landforms affect fire behavior and…
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This article addresses how organizations deal with adversity and how organizations adapt within adverse conditions. The authors comment that most research emphasizes “organizational and not individual or group responses to adversity,” and those…
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The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of literature on the vegetation of the sage brush region of North America. Despite its prime importance as a grazing resource, and the problems produced by its use and misuse, research…
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The effects of a prescribed broadcast fire on soil nitrogen (N) levels and related soil properties were determined following the clearcutting of a 250-year-old Douglas-fir/western larch stand in northwestern Montana. Soil N losses from burning…
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Weights and volumes of downed woody material in diameter classes of one-fourth to 1, 1 to 3, and greater than 3 inches and forest floor duff depths were summarized from extensive inventories in nothern Idaho and Montana. Biomass loadings are shown…
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Four series of color photographs show different levels of downed woody material resulting from natural processes in four forest cover types in Montana. Each photo is supplemented by fuel inventory data and potential fire behavior ratings.
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Four series of color photographs show different levels of downed woody material resulting from natural processes in four forest cover types in Montana. Each photo is supplemented by fuel inventory data and potential fire behavior ratings.
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Two series of color photographs show different levels of downed woody material resulting from natural processes in two forest cover types in Montana. Each photo is supplemented by fuel inventory data and potential fire· behavior ratings.
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Logging slash on 73 clearcuts was broadcast burned over a wide range of conditions, achieving a broad array of fire intensities and effects. An intense wildfire was also evaluated. Fire effectiveness was measured and related to preburn conditions…
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ANNOTATION: In the northern Rocky Mountains, 350-450 million cubic feet (9.9 to 12.7 million cubic meters) of logging residue is generated each year. Up to 60 percent of the residue material is technologically suitable for wood products, but…
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ANNOTATION: Forest residues utilization research has included case studies of the efficiency of existing harvesting systems in achieving close fiber utilization. Field evaluations included the use of in-woods chipping systems in gentle terrain;…
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Eight series of color photographs have been published as three separate photo guides for appraising downed woody fuels in Montana forests. This note tells how these photo guides were constructed. The techniques used to determine the weight and…
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The main effect burning on water quality is the potential for increased runoff of rainfall. Runoff may carry suspended soil particles, dissolved inorganic nutrients, and other materials into adjacent streams and lakes, reducing water quality and…
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Many species of insects and diseases create residues that predispose forests to fire. Conversely, natural factors such as fire, wind-throw, and other agents create forest residues that predispose forests to diseases and insects, including bark and…
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Systems to enable land managers to locate, evaluate, and counter the fire threat of lightning storms are in the early stages of development. In the western U.S. and Alaska, the Bureau of Land Management has established networks of instruments that…
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Examines economic feasibility of managing nonslash fuels in mature timber to reduce the costs and damages of wildfire. A 1.2-million-acre (496,000 hectare) study area is stratified by timber value, fire occurrence rate, and fuel hazard. Maximum…
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Elk use of aspen alones was deterred only one winter following prescribed fire. Numbers of aspen suckers on the nine burned clones increased 178 percent in 3 years, but the response varied greatly among clones. Elk browsing the third winter after…
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The quality of a forest site is governed by its physical conditions (temperature, moisture, soil parent materials) as they affect plant and soil. Microbes greatly affect soil development. Their activities mediate nutrient status through release,…
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This report discusses fire-related research needs in the western regions of the Forest Service. These needs were expressed by personnel at all management levels. Responses were one part of a more general study designed to establish information…
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