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The behaviour and rate of spread of a wildfire is strongly affected by local wind conditions depending on topography and surrounding vegetation. The wind speed within dense vegetation can be substantially lower than the open wind speed above the…
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A safe separation distance (SSD) needs to be considered during firefighting activities (fire suppression or people evacuation) against wildfires. The SSD is of critical interest for both humans and assets located in the wildland–urban interfaces (…
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Background: Previous work by the author and others has examined weather associated with growth of exceptionally large fires (‘Fires of Unusual Size’, or FOUS), looking at three of four factors associated with critical fire weather patterns:…
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Wildfires spread along trajectories set by a coincident wind direction. Despite the highly directional nature of wildfire threats to public safety, landscape fire risk assessments are typically omnidirectional. We used a simple metric of landscape…
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Background
Estimating the factors affecting the probability of a wildfire reaching the wildland urban interface (WUI) can help managers make decisions to prevent WUI property loss. This study compiles data on fire progression, wind, landscape…
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Wildland fire rate of spread prediction models are important tools for the effective coordination of resident evacuation and fire suppression efforts. A comparative assessment of ten empirical and semi-empirical rate of spread prediction models is…
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Fire whirls are reported to occur frequently in the wilderness and in urban areas due to the influence of ambient winds. Fire whirls that occur on sloped fuel surfaces are common in the wilderness and have received less attention despite their…
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Understanding bushfire-atmosphere interactions is essential for accurate prediction of fire behaviour, and for the safe and effective strategic management of fires to mitigate risk to people and property. Bushfires with feedbacks to thunderstorms…
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Background: Fire behaviour simulation and prediction play a key role in supporting wildfire management and suppression activities.
Aims: Using machine-learning methods, the aim of this study was to predict the onset of fire propagation (go vs no-go…
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Background: A deeper physical understanding of flame behaviour is necessary to make more reliable predictions about forest fire dynamics.
Aims: To study the container size effect on the combustion characteristics of herbaceous fuels.
Methods: Dead…
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The interaction of wind and fire on a sloped terrain is always complex owing to the mechanisms of heat transfer and flame dynamics. Heating of unburned vegetation by attached flames may increase the rate of spread. The relative intensities of…
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This study focuses on physics-based modelling of grassfire behaviour over flat and sloped terrains through a set of field-scale simulations performed using the Wildland–urban Interface Fire Dynamics Simulator (WFDS), with varying wind speeds (12.5,…
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The behaviour of wildland fires and the dispersion of smoke from those fires can be strongly influenced by atmospheric turbulent flow. The science to support that assertion has developed and evolved over the past 100+ years, with contributions from…
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The Composite Burn Index (CBI) is commonly linked to remotely sensed data to understand spatial and temporal patterns of burn severity. However, a comprehensive understanding of the tradeoffs between different methods used to model CBI with remotely…
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Achieving sustainable coexistence with wildfires in the Anthropocene requires skilful integrated fire observations, fire behaviour predictions, forecasts of fire risk, and projections of change to fire climates. The diverse and multiscale approaches…
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Airtankers are commonly used for initial attack (IA) to reduce the likelihood of wildland fires escaping containment efforts. We examined IA airtanker dispatch decisions for forest fires in Ontario, Canada, through an analysis of historical fire…
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Fire seasons have become increasingly variable and extreme due to changing climatological, ecological, and social conditions. Earth observation data are critical for monitoring fires and their impacts. Herein, we present a whole-system framework for…
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Increasing global temperatures and variability in the timing, quantity, and intensity of precipitation and wind have led to longer fire season lengths, greater fuel availability, and more intense and severe wildfires [1]. These broad-scale shifts…
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A key uncertainty of empirical models of post-fire tree mortality is understanding the drivers of elevated post-fire mortality several years following fire, known as delayed mortality. Delayed mortality can represent a substantial fraction of…
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Wildfires in the western United States are concerning in part because conifer forests may not regenerate under increasingly warm, dry climate conditions and severe burning. This study compared the relative importance of differences in fire-caused…
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