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The effect of fire and habitat heterogeneity on winter foraging by ungulates was studied in northern Yellowstone National Park (YNP). Grazing was monitored at 15 study sites for 14 wk during the winters of 1991 and 1992. The location and intensity…
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Most stands of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) in northern Yellowstone National Park appear to have become established between 1870 and 1890, with little regeneration since 1900. There has been controversy throughout this century regarding the…
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Trophic generalists vs. trophic specialists: implications for food web dynamics in post-fire streams
The trophic ecology of 11 benthic macroinvertebrate taxa found in Cache Creek, Yellowstone National Park (YNP) was studied to determine if burned organic matter is an important resource and how resource utilization patterns may be altered in post-…
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ANNOTATION: This article provides several harvest cost estimation methods for forest managers. Methods discussed include elements of stump-to-truck timber harvest cost estimation methods in ecosystem restoration prescriptions. Particular attention…
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Physical characteristics, benthic macroinvertebrates, and periphyton assemblages in two adjacent headwater streams in Yellowstone National Park were evaluated five years after the 1988 wildfires. The catchment of one stream was burned by wildfire (…
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Forest land managers are concerned about the effects of logging and site preparation on erosion, site productivity, streamflow, and water quality. Effects of helicopter logging and prescribed burning on streamflow and sediment yields from headwater…
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From the text: 'This paper offers a scientific framework of principles and practices that are provided to guide development of federal policy concerning wildfire and salvage logging and other post-fire treatments. A common thread throughout the -…
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Sensemaking is about how people make sense of situations. When faced with problems, people construct meaning. This constructive process plays a key role in the ultimate understanding that is developed. The meaning of a situation is both created and…
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Endsley examines the interrelation between situation awareness and individual and environmental factors. Endsley argues that situation awareness is more than a person just being aware of the situation. Rather, it is a complex understanding of the…
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Aviation human factors investigations have typically blamed individual behavior as the primary cause of serious work accidents. However, this book argues that organizations are responsible for two aspects that contribute to work related accidents: 1…
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I was disappointed with the OSHA report of the South Canyon Fire. My feelings are not the result of any need to defend my agency (USDA Forest Service). In another time and place, I thought the OSHA report following the death of Bill Martin (a…
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Stress, fear, and panic predictably lead to the collapse of clear thinking and organizational structure. While these psychological and social processes have been well studied by the military and the aircraft industry (Cockpit Resource Management) (…
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This article is a detailed reconstruction of firefighter behavior and personal protective equipment use on the South Canyon Fire. Putnam reveals two failures that contributed to the deaths of 14 firefighters. First, many firefighters held onto…
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It has become increasingly clear that wildland firefighters are experiencing collapses in decisionmaking and organizational structure when conditions on the fireline become life-threatening. Since 1990 wildland fire agencies have lost 23 people who…
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This document is a letter to Jack Ward Thomas, Chief of Forest Service, from Joseph A. Dear, Assistant Secretary OSHA, outlining the findings of the Occupational Safety and Health Adminstration's investigation of the South Canyon fire, February 8,…
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Programs aimed at enhancing safety by addressing the proximate cause of an accident only consider a small portion of the safety picture. Merely addressing the proximate cause fails to consider that the system either directly or indirectly trains,…
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The Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife & Parks (FWP) has long recognized the importance of sagebrush/grassland vegetative communities as wildlife habitat. Efforts to manipulate these communities concern FWP because of the potential…
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A 750-year fire history was reconstructed for the Central Plateau of Yellowstone National Park from the deep-water sediments of five lakes. The charcoal record from a large lake provided a chronology of regional fires. Data from four small lakes…
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Many foresters and ecologists recognize that disruption of the historic pattern of frequent fires in ponderosa pine forests has resulted in major ecological changes, including increasingly severe wildfires and insect and disease epidemics (Weaver,…
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