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Displaying 681 - 699 of 699
Presents preliminary results of a two-year study examining the pattern of Indian fires in western Montana's lower elevation forests. Interviews and historic journals were used to reconstruct the characteristics of aboriginal burning. Fire scar…
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This report summarizes available information on fire as an ecological factor for forest habitat types occurring on the Lolo National Forest. The Lolo National Forest habitat types are grouped into 10 Fire Groups based primarily on fire's role…
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ANNOTATION: Relationships between live and dead crown weight and DBH, crown length, tree height, and crown ratio are presented for 11 Rocky Mountain conifers. Also included are partitioned estimates of crown foliage and branchwood. This study shows…
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Sorption studies of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) needles and litter beds of current year cast show a shorter response time and lower equilibrium moisture contents than most other conifer needle data in the literature. For conditions below…
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ANNOTATION: A pre-feasibility assessment is an early stage and limited analysis of the probable risks and returns of an investment. Focused on gathering preliminary information, it helps decision makers determine if there is a basis for investing…
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An improved version is presented of a method previously used [see FA 40, 169]. Instructions are given for: laying out transects; gathering stand data, including documenting fire-scarred trees; sampling fire-scarred trees; laboratory analysis of tree…
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Presents frequencies, intensities, and influences of fire on stand structure and composition on the Bitterroot National Forest in west-central Montana. Three study areas were established, each having a wide range of elevations and forest types.…
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Wildfires play a multiple role in the distribution of dwarf mistletoes - they may either inhibit or encourage these parasites depending primarily on the size and intensity of the burn. Many reports suggest that fire exclusion policies of the past…
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One objective of wilderness and parkland fire ecology research is to describe the relationships between fire and unmanaged ecosystems, so that strategies can be determined that will provide a more nearly natural incidence of fire. More than 50 years…
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Predicted rates of fire spread using a mathematical model were consistently greater but in reasonably close agreement with rates observed on test fires in ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir slash. Fuel loading, bulk density, particle density, particle…
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The moisture, ether extractive, and energy content of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii L.) foliage were measured during two fire seasons. The moisture content of l- and 2-year-old needles was found to…
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This work was undertaken because of a mutual interest of the Department of Defense, Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), and the USDA Forest Service in the problems of detecting hot targets against natural terrain backgrounds using airborne…
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Physical fuel properties were determined utilizing measurements of volume, surface area, and weight for ponderosa pine forest floors and cheatgrass. Average values of these properties for ponderosa pine needle litter and cheatgrass were respectively…
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Porosity (expressed as the ratio of air space surrounding plant material to surface area of plant material) was determined for a low forage producing community of cheatgrass. Porosity averaged 12.5 cm.^/cm.2- and correlated closely with weight per…
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This Note presents observations on a little-known mode of tree-bole ignition by lightning in which a fire-setting discharge partially superimposes its furrow upon an older lightning soar and causes ignition in the older injury.
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The original program objectives were to develop and test a heat-sensitive system capable of: (1) locating small fires, (2) mapping fire perimeters, and (3) measuring rates of fire spread. The usefulness of infrared mappers was to be examined by…
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Burning characteristics of backfires, headfires, and no-wind fires in fuel beds of ponderosa pine needles were compared at the Northern Forest Fire Laboratory. Data gathered under controlled laboratory conditions indicate that fires backed into the…
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On August 21, 1937, the tragic Blackwater Fire caused the death of 15 firefighters, burning approximately 1,700 acres of National Forest System lands on the Shoshone National Forest, near Cody, Wyoming. An electrical storm occurred in the general…
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This guide was developed to help identify Culturally Peeled Trees. Culturally Peeled Trees are a specific type of Culturally Modified Tree. The term is used to describe the mostly pre-reservation practice by aboriginal or native people of '…