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Dendrochronology, the study of annual rings in woody plants, has developed into a useful tool for a number of different fields of study. Based on the interaction of trees and the climate, it is possible to use tree-rings as proxy data in…
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Evidence of fire history over the past few centuries was gathered in two areas (totaling 30,000 acres; 6000 ha) for fire management planning. Findings are some of the first detailed data for western redcedar-hemlock forests. On upland habitat types…
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Recent fire-scar studies in the northern Rocky Mountains have documented forest fire history over the past few centuries. They reveal that in some forest types fire maintained many-aged open stands of seral trees. In other types, major fires caused…
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Historical evidence indicates that fires were prevalent in grasslands. In the past, big prairie fires usually occurred during drought years that followed l to 3 years of above-average precipitation, which provided abundant and continuous fuel. Fire…
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Damage from tractor logging and slash burning in a Douglas-fir stand on gentle terrain was measured for three different types of timber harvesting. Logging damage was light in the selection-cut and understory-removal cutting units. In the overstory-…
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The Bridger-Teton National Forest in the Jackson Hole Region of Wyoming has long been recognized for its wildlife resource. Management efforts have emphasized the measurement of forage utilization by elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) and their effect…
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It is often quite difficult to compare fire history studies conducted by different investigators because different terms may be used to refer to the same concept and the same term may be used to refer to different concepts. To help resolve this…
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The quality of a forest site is governed by its physical conditions (temperature, moisture, soil parent materials) as they affect plant and soil. Microbes greatly affect soil development. Their activities mediate nutrient status through release,…
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The main effect burning on water quality is the potential for increased runoff of rainfall. Runoff may carry suspended soil particles, dissolved inorganic nutrients, and other materials into adjacent streams and lakes, reducing water quality and…
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This report discusses fire-related research needs in the western regions of the Forest Service. These needs were expressed by personnel at all management levels. Responses were one part of a more general study designed to establish information…
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Examines economic feasibility of managing nonslash fuels in mature timber to reduce the costs and damages of wildfire. A 1.2-million-acre (496,000 hectare) study area is stratified by timber value, fire occurrence rate, and fuel hazard. Maximum…
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Systems to enable land managers to locate, evaluate, and counter the fire threat of lightning storms are in the early stages of development. In the western U.S. and Alaska, the Bureau of Land Management has established networks of instruments that…
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Fire frequencies averaged 32 to 70 years in sagebrush-grass communities. Early spring and late fall fires are the least harmful to perennial grasses, although small plants and those with coarse stems are more tolerant of fire than large plants and…
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Elk use of aspen alones was deterred only one winter following prescribed fire. Numbers of aspen suckers on the nine burned clones increased 178 percent in 3 years, but the response varied greatly among clones. Elk browsing the third winter after…
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Many species of insects and diseases create residues that predispose forests to fire. Conversely, natural factors such as fire, wind-throw, and other agents create forest residues that predispose forests to diseases and insects, including bark and…
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Sorption studies of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) needles and litter beds of current year cast show a shorter response time and lower equilibrium moisture contents than most other conifer needle data in the literature. For conditions below…
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In preparing a state-of-knowledge review for fire and fauna, our basic reference source was the chapter "Effects of Fire on Birds and Mammals," by J. F. Bendell (1974) in the book "Fire and Ecosystems". In addition to summarizing this 52-page paper…
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ANNOTATION: Relationships between live and dead crown weight and DBH, crown length, tree height, and crown ratio are presented for 11 Rocky Mountain conifers. Also included are partitioned estimates of crown foliage and branchwood. This study shows…
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In early September 1975, two clearcuts (14 and 17 acres; 5.7 and 6.9 ha), two sets of 4 small clearcuts (1.5 acres; 0.6 ha each), and one shelterwood cutting (22 acres; 8.9 ha) were broadcast burned principally for seedbed preparation and fuel…
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During the first 3 years after a severe wildfire in 1970, maximum concentrations of nitrate-N (NO3-N) in stream water increased from prefire levels of <0.016 to 0.$6 mg/liter on a burned, unfertilized watershed and to 0.54 and 1.47 mg/liter on…
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