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In the last decade, the fire management program of the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, has come under closer scrutiny because of ever-rising program costs. The Forest Service has responded by conducting several studies analyzing the…
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This report reviews the Long Tom Fire Complex. The review team identified 11 issues and provided alternatives for them to reduce suppression costs, improve suppression efficiency, and minimize resource impacts on future large fires in the Salmon…
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Frequency of resprouting and number of newly established seedlings of antelope bitterbrush were sampled on sites burned by prescribed burns and wildfires 3 to 10 years previously to determine the effect of habitat type, growth form, and season of…
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Fuel buildup is a natural process that can become unnatural when certain kinds and amounts of fuel extend uncommonly across landscape. Unnatural fuel buildups occur more readily in short-interval types than in long-interval types and may never occur…
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Responses of seven bighorn sheep populations and habitats to prescribed fire and wildfire in southern British Columbia, Idaho, and Glacier National Park ranged from no influence to increase; interacting factors such as lungworm infection, livestock…
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On August 29, 1985, 73 firefighters were forced into safety zones, where they took refuge in their fire shelters for 1 to 2 hours while a very severe crown fire burned over them. The incident took place on the Butte Fire on the Salmon National…
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Changes in bird populations as a result of a 122 ha forest fire are evaluated. There is little evidence of any drastic effect on numbers of birds, species, or species diversity in the year of the fire or 2 years later.
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The historical importance of fire was investigated on the upper Swan Valley winter white-tailed deer range in northwestern Montana. The relatively recent impacts of logging on winter range quality were also included in these studies. Fire exclusion…
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The National Fire Danger Rating System and the Fire Behavior Prediction System were tested on prescribed fires burning uderneath canopies in six fuel types in Yosemite National Park, California. The mea error for rate of spread was +0.03 .foot per…
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Data that represent average worst fire weather for a particular area are used to index daily fire danger; however, they do not account for different locations or diurnal weather changes that significantly affect fire behavior potential. To study the…
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Methods for assessing the impact of fire on forest recreation were studied in a literature search and an experiment. Contingent market valuation appeared the most promising. This direct, economic approach uses personal interviews and sets up a…
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Influences of livestock grazing on community structure, fire intensity, and normal fire frequency in the Douglas-flr/ninebark (Pseudotsuga menziesii/Physocarpus malvaceus) habitat type were studied at the University of Idaho's…
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A cost-aggregation approach has been developed for determining the cost of Fire Management Inputs (FMls)-the direct fireline production units (personnel and equipment) used in initial attack and large-fire suppression activities. All components…
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Based on limited data, water-gel provided a slightly wider and deeper fireline with more feathering of ejected material than did Ensign-Bickford cord. Soil moisture conditions, closeness of blasting material to the ground, and other factors may…
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In early August 1961, more than 26,000 acres (10,500 ha) of upper montane and subalpine forest on the Bitterroot National Forest burned in a lightning-caused wildfire. At the time, the Sleeping Child Burn represented the single largest forest fire…
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During a period of three days in mid-February 1983, bushfires swept over 400,000 ha in southern Australia, killing 74 people, destroying more than 2,000 homes, and burning out 7 towns. This tragic repetition of the fires of January 1939, in which 71…
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Development of natural vegetation and seeded grasses on a severely burned Douglas-fir forest area is described for the first 5 postfire years. Results are described separately for ravine and upland sites. Results of special studies of moss recovery…
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A simulation model was developed to estimate postfire changes in the production and value of grazing lands in the Northern Rocky Mountain-Intermountain region. Ecological information and management decisions were used to simulate expected changes in…
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Interprets changes in forest and range vegetation resulting from the absence of fire. Eighty-six matched photographs covering the period 1871-1982 provide the basis for describing how vegetation has changed in various plant communities. These scenes…
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The fire cycle in low-elevation mesic coniferous forests of the Bitterroot Canyons, Montana, has changed from about 60 years before European settlement to about 7500 years between 1910 and 1980. The decreased fire frequency may be responsible for…
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