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Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the acute toxicity of three ammonia-based fire retardants (Fire-Trol LCA-F, Fire-Trol LCM-R, and Phos-Chek 259F), five surfactant-based fire-suppressant foams (FireFoam 103B, FireFoam 104, Fire Quench,…
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Fuels burned by either prescribed or wildfires are complex and important components of forested ecosystems. Fine fuels consisting of fallen limbs, twigs, and leaves of shrubs and trees are rich in nutrients. If these fuels are not immediately burned…
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Declining whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) forests have necessitated development of innovative methods to restore these ecologically valuable, high elevation ecosystems. We have begun an extensive restoration study using prescribed fire and…
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This FEIS species review synthesizes information on the relationship of Vaccinium membranaceum (big huckleberry) to fire--how fire affects the species and its habitat, and fire management considerations. Information is also provided on the species…
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Fires affect animals mainly through effects on their habitat. Fires often cause short-term increases in wildlife foods that contribute to increases in populations of some animals. These increases are moderated by the animals' ability to thrive in…
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This FEIS species review synthesizes information on the relationship of Danthonia spicata (poverty oatgrass) to fire--how fire affects the species and its habitat, and fire management considerations. Information is also provided on the species…
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The accumulation and decomposition of coarse woody debris (CWD) are processes that affect habitat, soil structure and organic matter inputs, and energy and nutrient flows in forest ecosystems. Natural disturbances such as fires typically produce…
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Fire, insects, disease, harvesting, and precommercial thinning all create mosaics on Northern Rocky Mountain landscapes. These mosaics are important for faunal habitat. Consequently, changes such as created openings or an increase in heavily stocked…
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The year 1999 marks the 50th anniversary of the Mann Gulch Fire that occurred in western Montana on August 5, 1949 (Matthews 1999). There has been considerable interest amongst the Canadian wildland fire community in the 1949 Mann Gulch Fire ever…
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Surveys of visitors to National Forests in Colorado, Idaho, and Wyoming were conducted to determine whether non-motorized recreation visitation responded to different fire ages and fire intensities. Actual and intended behavior data was combined…
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Hydrologic responses of watersheds are strongly related to vegetation and soil disturbances. Many of the storage and transfer components of the global hydrologic cycle are altered by the occurrence of fire. The major effect of fire on the hydrologic…
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Some 100 years of fire exclusion in the Interior Northwest has resulted in riparian areas dominated by dense thickets of shade-tolerant trees. If former, more open conditions could be restored, these habitats could once more support a more diverse…
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This FEIS species review synthesizes information on the relationship of Pleuraphis jamesii (galleta) to fire--how fire affects the species and its habitat, and fire management considerations. Information is also provided on the species'…
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This FEIS species review synthesizes information on the relationship of Festuca altaica, Festuca campestris, Festuca hallii (Altai fescue, alpine rough fescue, plains rough fescue) to fire--how fire affects the species and its habitat, and fire…
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This paper describes the heat transfer mechanisms operating as heat moves downward in the soil along steep temperature gradients during both wildfires and prescribed fires. The transfer of heat downward in the upper part of the soil is enhanced by…
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This strategy is based on the premise that sustainable resources are predicated on healthy, resilient ecosystems. In fire-adapted ecosystems, some measure of fire use-at appropriate intensity, frequency, and time of year-should be included in…
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A study was initiated in 1995 to measure landscape changes in forest structures between 1900 and 1995. A systematic sampling system was used to collect data on three forested faces on the Bitterroot Front. Over 1,200 tree cores were taken on 216…
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Klein presents observations of humans acting under real-life constraints such as time pressure, high stakes outcomes, high-levels of personal responsibility, limited information, changing goals, and shifting conditions. Klein studies decision making…
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A prime forest resource is clean water for downstream beneficial uses. Sediment from forests may impair those beneficial uses. Sedimentation by water erosion is rare unless road activities, timber harvesting, or fire disturb the forest. We have been…
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