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Fuel and restoration treatments seeking to mitigate the likelihood of uncharacteristic high-severity wildfires in forests with historically frequent, low-severity fire regimes are increasingly common, but long-term treatment effects on fuels,…
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One of the primary tools used for determining the origin of a wildfire is analyzing burn patterns formed during the fire progression. These patterns, called fire pattern indicators, are interpreted and used to document the direction of fire movement…
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Background
Fireline intensity (If) quantifies the power of the fireline and is used for various purposes. If and flame length (Lf) are relatable to each other using an empirical power function, which has been considered fuel-specific.
Aims
The aim…
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Firebrand ignition of wildland fuels is an important pathway of initiation and propagation of wildland and wildland-urban interface fires. The ambient wind plays an important role in smouldering ignition of wildland fuels by firebrands, but its…
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Background: Wildland firefighters have physically and psychologically demanding jobs that can result in social, economic and health-related stress. Previous studies have examined the physiological and physical effects of a career in wildland fire,…
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In wildland–urban interface areas, firefighters balance wildfire suppression and structure protection. These tasks are often performed under resource limitations, especially when many structures are at risk. To address this problem, wildland…
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Standing dead tree stems (snags) become abundant following disturbances like bark beetle outbreaks and stand-replacing fire. Snags are an important element of wildlife habitat, and when they eventually fall can injure or damage people and…
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Smouldering and flaming of solid fuels both originate after the pyrolysis reaction, and fires often transition between the two types of combustion. Smouldering-to-flaming (StF) transition introduces a sudden increase of the fire hazard in terms of…
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Many nations administer national forest inventory programs for unbiased estimation of forest attributes over broad spatial and temporal extents. However, management and conservation decisions often demand reliable estimates for finer spatiotemporal…
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The use of masticated tree debris to protect burned soil from post-fire erosion is not common and very little is known about its effectiveness in reducing the risk of erosion after fire. The main objective of this research was to assess the effects…
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Background: Wildfire often shows complex dynamic behaviour due to the inherent nature of ambient conditions, vegetation and ignition patterns. Merging fire is one such dynamic behaviour that plays a critical role in the safety of structures and…
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Although the threat of forest fires is prevalent across the globe, there exists limited empirical evidence on how such environmental disasters influence access and equity in educational outcomes through economic channels. In this article, I combine…
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Background: Potential Wildfire Operational Delineations (PODs) were developed as a pre-season planning tool to promote safe and effective fire response. Past research on PODs has identified uses in an incident management context. There has been…
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In this work, a series of laboratory surface fire experiments were performed over a pine needle fuel bed to investigate the effectiveness of a firebreak and the behaviors of a surface fire across a firebreak. Seven wind velocities of 0~3.0 m/s and…
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Background
Sagebrush shrublands in the Great Basin, USA, are experiencing widespread increases in wildfire size and area burned resulting in new policies and funding to implement fuel treatments. However, we lack the spatial data needed to optimize…
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There is a dire need to improve our prediction capabilities of wildland fire behavior in a range of conditions from marginal burning to the most extreme. In order to develop a more physically-based operational wildland fire behavior model, we need…
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The use of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) by the fire service is becoming more common, especially for large outdoor fires where it is difficult to understand the state of the fire conditions or efficiently suppress the fire. The focus of this paper…
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Predicting current and future wildfire frequency and size is central to wildfire control and management. Multiple fire danger indices (FDIs) that incorporate weather and fuel conditions have been developed and utilized to support wildfire…
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Mulch application following wildfire is increasingly being used to mitigate hillslope runoff and erosion. A mulch coverage of 70% has been proven to be effective in reducing sediment losses; however, most previous studies test only a single slope…
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Background
With the increase in forest fire emissions, an increasing amount of nitrogen is released from combustibles and taken up by plant leaves in the form of PM2.5 smoke deposition. Concurrently, the stress from PM2.5 also disrupts the…
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