The smoke modeling and forecasting subtopic focuses on literature that tracks trends in smoke, nonsmoke, and particle matter or verifies models that attempt to predict them. Many of the publications are results of large-scale investigations that validate, or don't validate, emissions from various types of fuels (peat, boreal forests, etc.). Scales of study in these papers ranges from local to continental.  Key papers track carbon emissions, plume emissions, haze clouds, etc. for long periods of time to try to validate models and predict future conditions.