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Interprets changes in forest and range vegetation resulting from the absence of fire. Eighty-six matched photographs covering the period 1871-1982 provide the basis for describing how vegetation has changed in various plant communities. These scenes…
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This report summarizes available information on fire as an ecological factor for forest habitat types occurring on the Lolo National Forest. The Lolo National Forest habitat types are grouped into 10 Fire Groups based primarily on fire's role…
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Historical evidence indicates that fires were prevalent in grasslands. In the past, big prairie fires usually occurred during drought years that followed l to 3 years of above-average precipitation, which provided abundant and continuous fuel. Fire…
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Fire frequencies averaged 32 to 70 years in sagebrush-grass communities. Early spring and late fall fires are the least harmful to perennial grasses, although small plants and those with coarse stems are more tolerant of fire than large plants and…
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Porosity (expressed as the ratio of air space surrounding plant material to surface area of plant material) was determined for a low forage producing community of cheatgrass. Porosity averaged 12.5 cm.^/cm.2- and correlated closely with weight per…
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This guide was developed to help identify Culturally Peeled Trees. Culturally Peeled Trees are a specific type of Culturally Modified Tree. The term is used to describe the mostly pre-reservation practice by aboriginal or native people of '…