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One hundred years of timber harvest and reduced fire frequency have resulted in the conversion of once open stands of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests to dense forests dominated by Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Selection harvest and…
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Nitrogen fixing plants have been reported to play an important role in replacing N lost from soil in fire dominated ecosystems. Exclusion of fire from ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.)-Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco…
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Infiltration rates in undisturbed forest environments are generally high. These high infiltration rates may be reduced when forest management activities such as timber harvesting and/or prescribed fires are used. Post-harvest residue burning is a…
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Highly variable water repellent soil conditions have been reported after forest fires. We examined interactions among heating, soil water content and soil texture on water repellency. Undisturbed, 305-mm diameter cores were collected in the field…
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A prime forest resource is clean water for downstream beneficial uses. Sediment from forests may impair those beneficial uses. Sedimentation by water erosion is rare unless road activities, timber harvesting, or fire disturb the forest. We have been…
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Thirty years ago the effects of timber harvest, prescribed burning, and wildfire were investigated in a western larch/Douglas-fir forest on the Flathead National Forest in western Montana. The original study was designed to investigate the effects…
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Geomorphological processes that commonly transport soil down hillslopes and sediment and woody debris through stream systems in steep, mountainous, forest landscapes can operate in sequence down gravitational flowpaths, forming a cascade of…
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This paper describes the heat transfer mechanisms operating as heat moves downward in the soil along steep temperature gradients during both wildfires and prescribed fires. The transfer of heat downward in the upper part of the soil is enhanced by…
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This Supplement presents data syntheses and new evidence from temperate (primarily boreal) North American studies of aquatic ecosystem response to episodic watershed deforestation and acid rain. These studies confirm the dominant role of the…
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Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the acute toxicity of three ammonia-based fire retardants (Fire-Trol LCA-F, Fire-Trol LCM-R, and Phos-Chek 259F), five surfactant-based fire-suppressant foams (FireFoam 103B, FireFoam 104, Fire Quench,…
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This state-of-knowledge review about the effects of fire on flora and fuels can assist land managers with ecosystem and fire management planning and in their efforts to inform others about the ecological role of fire. Chapter topics include fire…
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Fires affect animals mainly through effects on their habitat. Fires often cause short-term increases in wildlife foods that contribute to increases in populations of some animals. These increases are moderated by the animals' ability to thrive in…
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Fire is a key ecological process within most ecosystems in the United States and Canada. An understanding of factors controlling the initial response of vegetation to fire is essential to its management. Fire effects on plants can vary significantly…
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Fires affect animals mainly through effects on their habitat. Fires often cause short-term increases in wildlife foods that contribute to increases in populations of some animals. These increases are moderated by the animals' ability to thrive in…
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Watershed managers and scientists throughout the world have been aware of fire-induced water-repellent soils for over three decades. Water repellency affects many hydrologic processes, including infiltration, overland flow, and surface erosion (rill…
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Hydrologic responses of watersheds are strongly related to vegetation and soil disturbances. Many of the storage and transfer components of the global hydrologic cycle are altered by the occurrence of fire. The major effect of fire on the hydrologic…
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This study documented the long-term (>10 years) impact of fire on sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus Bonaparte) nesting and brood-rearing habitats on the Upper Snake River Plain in southeastern Idaho.
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Provided data on quantitative postfire changes of plant species and forest vegetation components for up to the first 25 years of secondary plant succession for 55 forest sites in northern Idaho and northwestern Montana. Cover (aerial crown) and…
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Smoke exposure measurements among firefighters at wildfires in the Western United States between 1992 and 1995 showed that altogether most exposures were not significant, between 3 and 5 percent of the shift-average exposures exceeded occupational…
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