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A series of nine large-scale, open fires was conducted in the Intermountain Fire Sciences Laboratory (IFSL) controlled-environment combustion facility. The fuels were pure pine needles or sagebrush or mixed fuels simulating forest-floor, ground…
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Comparative effects of elk herbivory and 1988 fires on northern Yellowstone National Park grasslands
The drought, frequent lightning strikes, and resultant large fires of 1988 in Yellowstone National Park were considered a several-century event for the area. They presented an unparalleled opportunity to document the effects of large fires on forage…
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Analysis of video footage taken of crown fires during the 1988 fire season in Yellowstone National Park indicated that the most frequent length of time required to completely burn tree crowns was 15-20 seconds. Lodge-pole pine (Pinus contorta Laws…
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Burned forested areas have patterns of varying burn severity as a consequence of various topographic, vegetation, and meteorological factors. These patterns are detected and mapped using satellite data. Other ecological information can be abstracted…
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Acute toxicity tests were conducted exposing Daphnia magna Straus (daphnid) in soft and hard reconstituted waters (hardness 42 and 162 mg/liter as CaCO3, respectively), and Selenastrum capricornutum Printz (algae) in ASTM algal assay medium (…
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Laboratory studies were conducted with five early life stages of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, to determine the acute toxicities of five fire‐fighting chemical formulations in standardized soft and hard water. Eyed egg, embryo–larvae, swim‐up…
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Laboratory studies were conducted with four early life stages of fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, to determine the acute toxicity of five firefighting chemical formulations in standardized soft and hard water. Egg, fry, 30-day posthatch, and 60-…
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One of the critical mistakes made by wildland firefighters during both the Mann Gulch and South Canyon fires was their unwillingness to drop heavy tools and packs as they attempted to outrun the flames. Weick points to 10 possible reasons for their…
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In the wake of the explosion of the 1986 space shuttle Challenger, a conventional explanation for the tragedy emerged: the economic strain on NASA caused managers to withhold information about safety violations in order to maintain the launch…
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Palmer and Dunford analyze the concept of reframing and discuss four key limits to this concept. Reframing literature asserts that people generally are trapped into a singular way of thinking about a situation, and thus, they are unable to think…
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Researchers have often studied and discussed errors and accidents within an organizational setting in two ways. The first focuses on the individual, while the second looks at the system in which the individual operates. Edmondson argues for a third…
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This report summarizes the results of Phase II of a four phase study to examine the Federal wildland firefighting community and to improve firefighter safety. The first phase described the strengths and problem areas of the current organizational…
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Atwood notes that while managers must adopt a passion for safety, the true test is on the fire line. Supervisors are in charge of making decisions that ultimately put safety first, or not. Atwood argues that improvement will not come from the top…
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There are many characterizations of wildland firefighters and their work culture. These characterizations vary across all levels of organizations, jurisdictions and types of jobs. As closely held as these perceptions are, as confident as each of us…
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Long-term recovery of Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentatassp.wyomingensisBeetle and Young) after four treatments was investigated. Treatments at a south-western Montana site were spraying with 2,4-D, plowing and rotocutting, all applied in…
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Airborne remotely sensed data were collected and analyzed during and following the 1988 Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) fires in order to characterize the fire front movements, burn intensities and various vegetative components of selected…
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Proceedings of the second biennial conference on the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.
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The interpretation of sedimentary charcoal in lakes rests on several assumptions that concern the source are of charcoal, the timing of charcoal introduction, and the patterns of charcoal accumulation within a lake following fire. To examine…
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Anyone who has ever tried building fireline on rocky land knows there has been a need for an inexpensive, efficient piece of equipment to do this job. We've recently invented a simple fireline plow to build fireline in such terrain. Fireline…
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The effect of competition on the postfire recovery of Festuca idahoensis Elmer and Agropyron spicatum (Pursh) Scrib & Smith, was examined under natural conditions. Thirty plants of each species were exposed to fire applied with a portable…
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