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The importance of fire as an ecological disturbance in the Northern Rockies is well accepted. Lightning is generally thought to have been the main source of ignition prior to settlement by Europeans. But writings of explorers and pioneers mention…
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Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is known to have its seeds harvested and cached in the soil by Clark's Nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana), and unretrieved seeds are known to be capable of germinating and establishing new pines. Many other…
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Abstract
(1) Clark's nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana) store a mean of only 3.7 whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) seeds per cache, which reduces competition for moisture and space. The mean depth at which seeds are stored, 2.0 cm, is compatible…
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A comparison of the trichopteran communities of streams associated with aspen, spruce—fir, and mixed—conifer forests demonstrated significant differences in structure. Though tricophteran species composition in aspen—associated and spruce—fir…
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Perceptions of risk and danger are largely based on what society and organizations choose to value and what they choose to fear. Often, these values are shaped by larger organizational and political interests that bias perceptions of risk, danger,…
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The authors examine variation in the length of mean intervals between fires (occurring between the years 1600 and 1910) in sample units of various sizes, ranging from a point on the ground (single tree) to a large stand (200 to 800 acres; 80 to 320…
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Relationships between height of big sagebrush and crown area, fuel loading, bulk density, size distribution of foliage and stemwood, and fraction dead stemwood are presented. Based upon these relationships, modeled rate-of-fire spread and fireline…
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This report presents tables and equations for estimating total cubic volumes of wood, wood residue, and bark for ponderosa pine, western larch, and Douglas fir. The equations and tables provide a means for estimating wood and bark residue volumes…
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Prescribed burning under mature Larch/Douglas-fir forests produced changes in elemental uptake. Elemental analyses of individual species and existing biomass three years post-burn from hot, medium, and lightly burned sites and unburned controls…
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Twenty control burns performed with a wide range of fuel loadings and moisture conditions were used to study the effectiveness of old fuel reduction under standing Douglas-fir/larch forest. This paper reports the influence of burning on nutrient…
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In an area of 21 km2 where fires have produced a mosaic of forest communities, including subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa), Engelman spruce (Picea engelmannii) and lodgepole pine, results from 255 track observations, 80 captures of 13 live-trapped…
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The purpose of this study which was conducted in 1974 and 1975 was to investigate the effects of the Fitz Creek fire of August, 1973 upon the benthic community of White Cap Creek which was partially surrounded by the bum. Study sections of White Cap…
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Toxicities of four chemical forest fire retardants, Fire-Trol 100 and 931 (ammonium sulfate or polyphosphate with an attapulgite clay thickener) and Phos-Chek 202 A and 259 (diammonium phosphate with a guar gum derivative thickener) were determined…
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This thesis documents the fire history and assesses the role of fire in the western larch/Douglas-fir forest of the Coram Experimental Forest in northwestern Montana. Primary attention was given to the frequency, areal spread, relative severity, and…
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In a western larch/Douglas-fir forest type in western Montana, 9 spring and 11 fall under story burns were conducted. Multiple regression equations related the number of Vaccinium globulare (blue huckleberry) stems present 1 and 2 years after fire…
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ANNOTATION: A pre-feasibility assessment is an early stage and limited analysis of the probable risks and returns of an investment. Focused on gathering preliminary information, it helps decision makers determine if there is a basis for investing…
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An improved version is presented of a method previously used [see FA 40, 169]. Instructions are given for: laying out transects; gathering stand data, including documenting fire-scarred trees; sampling fire-scarred trees; laboratory analysis of tree…
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Guidelines are offered for safe, effective fire treatments in western larch/Douglas-fir forests. Describes procedures for estimating and limiting the scorching of tree crows. Provides a method for predicting percentage of the forest floor that will…
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