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The fire cycle in low-elevation mesic coniferous forests of the Bitterroot Canyons, Montana, has changed from about 60 years before European settlement to about 7500 years between 1910 and 1980. The decreased fire frequency may be responsible for…
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Vegetation was sampled on 330 sites known to be used by grizzly bears (Ursus arctos). The response to disturbance of 6 shrub species important as grizzly bear foods was determined by comparing their percent canopy cover on disturbed sites with that…
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Globe huckleberry (Vaccinium globulare) fruit is a major food source for the grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) in northwestern Montana. A ranked-set sampling pattern was used to determine the effects of wildfires, timber harvest practices, and…
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The history and influence of tires was studied at the forest- grassland ecotone in high valleys ofsouthwestern Montana. Inves- tigations were focused upon several sites having early landscape photographs and modern retakes that allow for detection…
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The study quantified differences between fire-retarding abilities of monoammonium phosphate samples from five different sources. Ponderosa pine needles and aspen excelsior fuel beds were spray-treated with different levels of chemical solutions,…
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Provides information on fire as an ecological factor for forest habitat types occurring east of the Continental Divide in Montana. Identifies "Fire Groups" of habitat types based on fire's role in forest succession. Describes forest…
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Interprets changes in forest and range vegetation resulting from the absence of fire. Eighty-six matched photographs covering the period 1871-1982 provide the basis for describing how vegetation has changed in various plant communities. These scenes…
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During the first 3 years after a severe wildfire in 1970, maximum concentrations of nitrate-N (NO3-N) in stream water increased from prefire levels of <0.016 to 0.$6 mg/liter on a burned, unfertilized watershed and to 0.54 and 1.47 mg/liter on…
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In preparing a state-of-knowledge review for fire and fauna, our basic reference source was the chapter "Effects of Fire on Birds and Mammals," by J. F. Bendell (1974) in the book "Fire and Ecosystems". In addition to summarizing this 52-page paper…
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In early September 1975, two clearcuts (14 and 17 acres; 5.7 and 6.9 ha), two sets of 4 small clearcuts (1.5 acres; 0.6 ha each), and one shelterwood cutting (22 acres; 8.9 ha) were broadcast burned principally for seedbed preparation and fuel…
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Development of equations for predicting fuel bed depth (called "bulk depth" herein) appropriate for modeling fire behavior in slash is described. Bulk depth (y) was correlated with the expected number of 1/4-to 1-inch-diameter particle…
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Sorption studies of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) needles and litter beds of current year cast show a shorter response time and lower equilibrium moisture contents than most other conifer needle data in the literature. For conditions below…
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ANNOTATION: Relationships between live and dead crown weight and DBH, crown length, tree height, and crown ratio are presented for 11 Rocky Mountain conifers. Also included are partitioned estimates of crown foliage and branchwood. This study shows…
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