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Interactions between humans and wildfires have increased in many regions over the last decades driven by climate and land-use changes. A shift towards more adaptive fire management and policies is urgently needed but remains difficult to achieve.…
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Wildfire and forest operations remove vegetation and disturb forest soils. Both of these effects can lead to an increased risk of soil erosion. Operations to reduce forest fuel loads, however, may reduce the risk of wildfire. This paper presents…
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Recent fires have renewed interest in fire's effect on different components of the ecosystem, in particular fire's effects on infiltration and runoff. Forests subjected to high severity burns often develop water repellent soil conditions.…
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A science fiction story by Edmond Hamilton entitled 'Alien Earth' (Hamilton 1949) describes the experience of a young scientist in a tropical country. The scientist obtains a potion that slows his physiology to a rate at which he can…
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Uncertainty in surface-fire history: the case of ponderosa pine forests in the western United States
Present understanding of fire ecology in forests subject to surface fires is based on fire-scar evidence. We present theory and empirical results that suggest that fire-history data have uncertainties and biases when used to estimate the population…
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Delayed seed germination in whitebark pine and regeneration patterns following the Yellowstone fires
Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) seeds are dispersed by Clark's Nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana), a bird that makes caches under 2-3 cm of soil. Cached seeds may delay germination for one or more years in part because of underdeveloped…
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In subalpine forests of the northern Rocky Mountains, fire exclusion has contributed to large-scale shifts from early-successional whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) to late-successional subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.), a…
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Changes in fire size, shape, and frequency under different fire-management strategies were evaluated using time series of fire perimeter data (fire atlases) and mapped potential vegetation types (PVTs) in the Gila-Aldo Leopold Wilderness Complex (…
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This reference list provides an overview of key literature relating to fire restoration and management in wilderness and similarly protected areas. This list, which centers on the United States, should be helpful to managers or researchers new to…
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The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, is a significant ecological force at the landscape level. The majority of the life cycle is spent as larvae feeding in the phloem tissue (inner bark) of host pine trees. This feeding…
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A variety of Forest Health and Protection treatments have been proposed to reduce long-term risks to forests from wildfire, insects, and disease. This review examines the potential effects of these treatments on sediment production in watersheds of…
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We excluded litter (leaves and wood) inputs to an Appalachian headwater stream for 5 years. Leaves disappeared from the streambed very rapidly (<1 year) following litter exclusion, however, a large residual mass of woody debris remained. After…
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Riparian habitats in eastern Oregon and Washington compose a small percentage of the landscape, and yet these habitats are essential for many species of vertebrates. Riparian areas are sensitive to disturbance agents, which can pose a formidable…
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Factors related to the composition of riparian forest stands on three streams in the northern Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forest type were related to proximity to the water course and years since fire. Using a linear regression analysis 46 variables…
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The paucity of aspen (Populus tremuloides) regeneration in the western United States and on Yellowstone National Park’s (YNP) northern range has been of concern to managers and scientists for much of the 20th century, with the effects of ungulate…
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Wildfire is a major ecological process and management issue on western rangelands. The impacts of wildfire on hydrologic processes such as infiltration, runoff, and erosion are not well understood. Small-plot rainfall simulation methods were applied…
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Wildfire alters the hydrologic response of watersheds, including the peak discharges resulting from subsequent rainfall, Improving predictions of the magnitude of flooding that follows wildfire is needed because of the increase in human population…
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A wildfire in May 1996 burned 4690 hectares in two watersheds forested by ponderosa pine and Douglas fir in a steep, mountainous landscape with a summer, convective thunderstorm precipitation regime. The wildfire lowered the erosion threshold in the…
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The Mortar Creek Fire burned 26 000 ha of mixed-conifer Rocky Mountain forest in July-August 1979. Changes in burn stream conditions were examined relative to reference streams for various ecological factors on two to six occasions, from October…
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