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Displaying 5481 - 5500 of 5663
Base line data on species cover (m /0.01 ha) and volume of space occupied (m /0.01 ha) for the initial 6 to 9 years of secondary forest succession for western larch-Douglas-fir forests is presented in tabular form for 20 study areas in western…
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Fuel and fire behavior potential in clearcut lodgepole pine and in Douglas-fir/larch under clearcutting, group selection, and shelterwood silvicultural systems were compared after logging to near-complete and conventional utilization standards.…
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Dead woody fuels were sampled in 16 upland forest stands representing a chronosequence of forest successional stages. Different fuel components show different temporal patterns, but adequate levels of all components necessary for an intense crown…
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Fire frequencies averaged 32 to 70 years in sagebrush-grass communities. Early spring and late fall fires are the least harmful to perennial grasses, although small plants and those with coarse stems are more tolerant of fire than large plants and…
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Elk use of aspen alones was deterred only one winter following prescribed fire. Numbers of aspen suckers on the nine burned clones increased 178 percent in 3 years, but the response varied greatly among clones. Elk browsing the third winter after…
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Many species of insects and diseases create residues that predispose forests to fire. Conversely, natural factors such as fire, wind-throw, and other agents create forest residues that predispose forests to diseases and insects, including bark and…
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The quality of a forest site is governed by its physical conditions (temperature, moisture, soil parent materials) as they affect plant and soil. Microbes greatly affect soil development. Their activities mediate nutrient status through release,…
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The main effect burning on water quality is the potential for increased runoff of rainfall. Runoff may carry suspended soil particles, dissolved inorganic nutrients, and other materials into adjacent streams and lakes, reducing water quality and…
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This report discusses fire-related research needs in the western regions of the Forest Service. These needs were expressed by personnel at all management levels. Responses were one part of a more general study designed to establish information…
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Examines economic feasibility of managing nonslash fuels in mature timber to reduce the costs and damages of wildfire. A 1.2-million-acre (496,000 hectare) study area is stratified by timber value, fire occurrence rate, and fuel hazard. Maximum…
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Systems to enable land managers to locate, evaluate, and counter the fire threat of lightning storms are in the early stages of development. In the western U.S. and Alaska, the Bureau of Land Management has established networks of instruments that…
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In early September 1975, two clearcuts (14 and 17 acres; 5.7 and 6.9 ha), two sets of 4 small clearcuts (1.5 acres; 0.6 ha each), and one shelterwood cutting (22 acres; 8.9 ha) were broadcast burned principally for seedbed preparation and fuel…
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During the first 3 years after a severe wildfire in 1970, maximum concentrations of nitrate-N (NO3-N) in stream water increased from prefire levels of <0.016 to 0.$6 mg/liter on a burned, unfertilized watershed and to 0.54 and 1.47 mg/liter on…
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Development of equations for predicting fuel bed depth (called "bulk depth" herein) appropriate for modeling fire behavior in slash is described. Bulk depth (y) was correlated with the expected number of 1/4-to 1-inch-diameter particle…
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ANNOTATION: Relationships between live and dead crown weight and DBH, crown length, tree height, and crown ratio are presented for 11 Rocky Mountain conifers. Also included are partitioned estimates of crown foliage and branchwood. This study shows…
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Sorption studies of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) needles and litter beds of current year cast show a shorter response time and lower equilibrium moisture contents than most other conifer needle data in the literature. For conditions below…
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In preparing a state-of-knowledge review for fire and fauna, our basic reference source was the chapter "Effects of Fire on Birds and Mammals," by J. F. Bendell (1974) in the book "Fire and Ecosystems". In addition to summarizing this 52-page paper…
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This report presents tables and equations for estimating total cubic volumes of wood, wood residue, and bark for ponderosa pine, western larch, and Douglas fir. The equations and tables provide a means for estimating wood and bark residue volumes…
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The purpose of this study which was conducted in 1974 and 1975 was to investigate the effects of the Fitz Creek fire of August, 1973 upon the benthic community of White Cap Creek which was partially surrounded by the bum. Study sections of White Cap…
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An improved version is presented of a method previously used [see FA 40, 169]. Instructions are given for: laying out transects; gathering stand data, including documenting fire-scarred trees; sampling fire-scarred trees; laboratory analysis of tree…
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