Climate Change and Rocky Mountain Ecosystems describes the results of a cutting-edge effort to assess climate change vulnerabilities and develop adaptation options for ecosystems in the Northern Rocky Mountains region of the United States, focusing on national forests, grasslands, and parks in Northern Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Northern South Dakota, and the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Building on a framework developed in previous subregional climate change efforts, the Northern Rockies Adaptation Partnership (NRAP) was the first regional-scale, multi-resource climate change assessment in the United States. The NRAP was unprecedented in scale, scope, and breadth of the partnership, demonstrating the value of using a diverse science-management partnership and a consistent frame-work to assess climate change effects and identify on-the-ground adaptation options.