Prior to fire suppression and exclusion, wildfires and other disturbances (e.g., insects, disease, and weather) sustained ecosystem processes in many landscapes of the Western United States. However, wildfires have been increasing in size, frequency, and intensity in recent years (Kellogg and others 2008). Recognizing the value of wildfire, scientists and land managers now promote allowing non- human-caused fires to burn in these landscapes, hoping fire can recreate the historical distribution and mosaic of presettlement, burned forests.