Lodgepole pine logging residues: management alternatives

The dollar and nondollar effects of alternative levels of residue utilization in mature lodgepole pine are compared. Net dollar returns were greater in conventional logging (removal of green sawlogs to a 6-inch top, with slash piled and burned) than in near-complete harvesting (sawlog removal followed by field chipping of remaining wood material on the site). However, substantial nondollar benefits were gained by near-complete harvesting, especially in esthetics, fuel reduction, and site preparation. Continuing studies of harvesting influences upon soils, hydrology, nutrients, and regeneration will further define costs and benefits, and will provide managers with guidelines for harvesting practice decisions.