The philosophy of multiple use means that forest managers have to contend with myriad threats to resident flora and fauna and the habitats in which they reside. Threats have the potential to affect both the terrestrial component of a forest ecosystem and the aquatic habitats that wind through it. Forest stand management has traditionally been viewed as conflicting with the conservation of sensitive aquatic has traditionally been viewed as conflicting with the conservation of sensitive aquatic species and areas containing these species (red, below) have resulted in direct conflict between forest and fuels management and aquatic conservation. At the heart of this conflict is the question: which is worse for fish habitat, fire or active management?