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The importance of fire as an ecological disturbance in the Northern Rockies is well accepted. Lightning is generally thought to have been the main source of ignition prior to settlement by Europeans. But writings of explorers and pioneers mention…
Author(s): Stephen W. Barrett, Stephen F. Arno
Year Published:

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is known to have its seeds harvested and cached in the soil by Clark's Nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana), and unretrieved seeds are known to be capable of germinating and establishing new pines. Many other…
Author(s): H.E. Hutchins, R. M. Lanner
Year Published:

Abstract (1) Clark's nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana) store a mean of only 3.7 whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) seeds per cache, which reduces competition for moisture and space. The mean depth at which seeds are stored, 2.0 cm, is compatible…
Author(s): Diana F. Tomback
Year Published:

A comparison of the trichopteran communities of streams associated with aspen, spruce—fir, and mixed—conifer forests demonstrated significant differences in structure. Though tricophteran species composition in aspen—associated and spruce—fir…
Author(s): Manuel C. Molles Jr.
Year Published:

Perceptions of risk and danger are largely based on what society and organizations choose to value and what they choose to fear. Often, these values are shaped by larger organizational and political interests that bias perceptions of risk, danger,…
Author(s): Mary Douglas, Aaron Wildavsky
Year Published:

The authors examine variation in the length of mean intervals between fires (occurring between the years 1600 and 1910) in sample units of various sizes, ranging from a point on the ground (single tree) to a large stand (200 to 800 acres; 80 to 320…
Author(s): Stephen F. Arno, Terry D. Petersen
Year Published:

Relationships between height of big sagebrush and crown area, fuel loading, bulk density, size distribution of foliage and stemwood, and fraction dead stemwood are presented. Based upon these relationships, modeled rate-of-fire spread and fireline…
Author(s): James K. Brown
Year Published: