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Displaying 81 - 100 of 5651

Separation Distances are used throughout the world to protect people and assets from the potential hazardous effects from propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics. The current separation distances for Hazard Division (HD) 1.3 substances and…
Author(s): Clint Guymon, Ming Liu, Josephine Covino
Year Published:

The growing scale of natural hazards highlights the need for models of governance capable of addressing risk across administrative boundaries. However, risk governance systems are often fragmented, decentralized, and sustained by informal linkages…
Author(s): Matthew Hamilton, Max Nielson-Pincus, Cody Evers
Year Published:

Prescribed fall burning is commonly used worldwide on rangeland sites to enhance vegetation resources and restore disturbed ecosystems, but little is known about how it may alter microbial communities and insect activities. We used two site…
Author(s): Deborah S. Page-Dumroese, Stephen Cook, Bradford M. Kard, Martin F. Jurgensen, Chris A. Miller, Joanne M. Tirocke
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Background: Wildfire simultaneity affects the availability and distribution of resources for fire management: multiple small fires require more resources to fight than one large fire does. Aims: The aim of this study was to project the effects of…
Author(s): Seth McGinnis, Lee Kessenich, Linda Mearns, Alison Cullen, Harry Podschwit, Melissa S. Bukovsky
Year Published:

(1) Background: When a fire breaks out, combustibles are burned and toxic substances such as carbon monoxide (CO), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), benzene, and hydrogen cyanide are produced. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the air…
Author(s): Soo Jin Kim, Seunghon Ham
Year Published:

We aim to assess small airway dysfunction, spirometry, health-related quality of life (HR-QoL), and inflammatory biomarkers between the wildland firefighters and healthy controls. Lung function including impulse oscillometry (IOS) and spirometry, HR…
Author(s): Nutchanok Niyatiwatchanchai, Chaicharn Pothirat, Warawut Chaiwong, Chalerm Liwsrisakun, Nittaya Phetsuk, Pilaiporn Duangjit, Woranoot Choomuang
Year Published:

Fire management aims to change fire regimes. However, the challenge is to provide the optimal balance between the mitigation of risks to life and property, while ensuring a healthy environment and the protection of other key values in any given…
Author(s): Hamish G. Clarke, Brett Cirulis, Nicolas Borchers-Arriagada, Michael A. Storey, Mark K. J. Ooi, Katharine Haynes, Ross A. Bradstock, Owen F. Price, Trent D. Penman
Year Published:

Dry conifer forests in the western US historically experienced frequent fire prior to European American colonization. Mean fire return interval ranged from about 5-35 years, with the majority of fires burning at low-to-moderate severity. The arrival…
Author(s): Sean A. Parks, Lisa M. Holsinger, Kori Blankenship, Gregory K. Dillon, Sara A. Goeking, Randy Swaty
Year Published:

The increase of wildfire disasters globally has highlighted the need to understand and mitigate human vulnerability to wildfire. In response, there has been a substantial uptick in efforts to characterize and quantify wildfire vulnerability. Such…
Author(s): Nicole Lambrou, Crystal A. Kolden, Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris, Erica Anjum, Charisma Acey
Year Published:

Fuel ignition potential is one of the primary drivers influencing the extent of damage in wildland and wildland–urban interface fires and it is a decisive factor in planning prescribed fires. Determining the susceptibility of fuels, which vary…
Author(s): Saurabh Saxena, Ritambhara Raj Dubey, Neda Yaghoobian
Year Published:

Background: Fire whirl is an extreme fire behaviour in wildland fires, and an essential factor for its formation is the surrounding generating eddy. No systematic experimental study has been conducted on natural fire whirls with varying heights of…
Author(s): Congcong Ji, Naian Liu, Jiao Lei, Linhe Zhang, Xiaodong Xie, Yang Zhang
Year Published:

The escalating climate and wildfire crises have generated worldwide interest in using proactive forest management (e.g. forest thinning, prescribed fire, cultural burning) to mitigate the risk of wildfire-caused carbon loss in forests. To estimate…
Author(s): Jamie L. Peeler, Lisa McCauley, Kerry L. Metlen, Travis J. Woolley, Kimberly Davis, Marcos D. Robles, Ryan D. Haugo, Karen L. Riley, Philip E. Higuera, Joseph E Fargione, Rob Addington, Steven Bassett, Kori Blankenship, Michael Case, Teresa B. Chapman, Edward Smith, Randy Swaty, Nathan Welch
Year Published:

The goal of this work is to develop a material model for Norway spruce and Scots pine woods for use in performance-based fire safety design to predict char front progress and heat release in burning timber. For both woods a set of two different…
Author(s): Aleksi Rinta-Paavola, Dmitry Sukhomlinov, S. Hostikka
Year Published:

Background: An effective identification model is crucial to realise the real-time monitoring and early warning of forest fires from surveillance cameras. However, existing models are prone to generate numerous false alarms under the interference of…
Author(s): Yuming Qiao, Wenyu Jiang, Fei Wang, Guofeng Su, Xin Li, Juncai Jiang
Year Published:

Increasing area burned across western North America raises questions about the precedence and magnitude of changes in fire activity, relative to the historical range of variability (HRV) that ecosystems experienced over recent centuries and…
Author(s): Kyra Clark-Wolf, Philip E. Higuera, Bryan N. Shuman, Kendra K. McLauchlan
Year Published:

Appropriately designed fuel treatments reduce negative outcomes of wildfire and in some cases promote beneficial wildfire outcomes. Wildfires are a landscape scale phenomenon; therefore, fuel treatments should be evaluated at a landscape level to…
Year Published:

The increasing complexity and impacts of fire seasons in the United States have prompted efforts to improve early warning systems for wildland fire management. Outlooks of potential fire activity at lead-times of several weeks can help in wildland…
Author(s): John T. Abatzoglou, Daniel J. McEvoy, Nicholas J. Nauslar, Katherine C. Hegewisch, Justin L. Huntington
Year Published:

The surge of extreme wildfires around the world, most recently in Canada, provides a frightening glimpse of the potential for intense fires driven by climate change to cause remarkable damage to human and environmental life. From 2019 to 2020,…
Author(s): David M. J. S. Bowman, J. Sharples
Year Published:

Background: Medical services for wildland fire incidents are vital and fire personnel need to be comfortable seeking care and have adequate access to care. Aims: The aim of this study was to examine wildland firefighters’ (WLFFs) attitudes towards,…
Author(s): Mark Hoffman, Valerie J. Moody, Viktor E. Bovbjerg, Isabella Callis, Zachary Snauer
Year Published:

Surface fuel information is an essential input for models of fire behaviour and fire effects. However, spatially explicit, continuous information on surface fuel loads and fuelbed depth is scarce because the collection of field data is laborious,…
Author(s): Pia Labenski, Michael Ewald, Sebastian Schmidtlein, Faith A. Heinsch, Fabian Ewald Fassnacht
Year Published: