As a keystone species whitebark pine maintains biodiversity and its nuts provide a nutritional food for several wildlife species. As a foundation species it protects watersheds and promotes post-fire regeneration. Restoring whitebark pine is by definition multidisciplinary, and the complex linkages to other plants and wildlife, climate, and its wide distribution readily lends itself to an ecosystem approach to restoration. Complex coordination over the last 16 years varies from formal partnerships in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, informal partnerships in the Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem and working-one-on-one with individual units, nurseries, and a tree seed centre in Alberta.